Columbus Day:
A Journey Through History and Reflection
Introduction
Every October, Americans pause to remember one of history’s most talked-about voyages — the arrival of Christopher Columbus in the Americas in 1492. Known as Columbus Day, this holiday is celebrated on the second Monday of October, marking not just a moment of discovery, but also sparking deep reflection on the complex history that followed.
For some, Columbus Day honors the spirit of exploration and courage. For others, it reminds us of the painful impact of colonization on Indigenous peoples. Today, the day stands at the crossroads of pride, heritage, and truth.
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The Origins of Columbus Day
The idea of celebrating Columbus began long ago. The very first recorded observance happened in 1792 in New York City to commemorate the 300th anniversary of Columbus’s voyage. Later, in 1937, President Franklin D. Roosevelt declared it a national holiday, largely inspired by the efforts of Italian-American communities who saw Columbus as a symbol of their contribution to America’s story.
Over the decades, the holiday grew with parades, patriotic speeches, and school lessons about the "Age of Discovery." But as history came under closer examination, people began to ask a deeper question: What really happened after Columbus arrived?
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The Controversy and the Changing Perspective
While Columbus’s voyage connected two worlds, it also marked the beginning of centuries of struggle for Indigenous peoples — loss of land, culture, and lives. This realization has led many to rethink how the day should be observed.
Critics argue that celebrating Columbus without acknowledging these truths is incomplete and unfair. As a result, many states and cities have begun to replace or share the day with Indigenous Peoples’ Day — a time to honor the first inhabitants of the Americas, their strength, and their survival.
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Columbus Day vs. Indigenous Peoples’ Day
Columbus Day Indigenous Peoples’ Day
Honors exploration and Italian-American heritage. Celebrates Native American cultures and history.
Focuses on discovery and adventure. Focuses on truth, healing, and recognition.
Often includes parades and festivals. Includes ceremonies, storytelling, and cultural education.
Both observances reflect America’s evolving identity — one rooted in discovery, the other in understanding and respect.
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How Americans Celebrate Today
Across the country, Columbus Day is marked in different ways. Italian-American groups host colorful parades and cultural events to celebrate their heritage. Meanwhile, Indigenous Peoples’ Day gatherings feature traditional music, art, and discussions that highlight resilience and community.
Schools and organizations often use this day as an opportunity to teach students about both Columbus’s voyage and the Indigenous civilizations that thrived long before his arrival.
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Conclusion: A Day for Understanding
Columbus Day is no longer just about the man who sailed the ocean blue — it’s about how we interpret history and grow from it. It challenges us to balance pride in human exploration with empathy for those whose lives were changed forever.
Whether you celebrate Columbus Day or Indigenous Peoples’ Day, one message remains clear:
👉 History is not just about what happened, but what we choose to learn from it.
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